normal flora pdf
Objectives Review the diversity and significance of bacterial flora in the maintenance of immunity Review the various types of flora distruption and health consequences to the host. All human tissue which are directly or indirectly exposed to external surrounding have normal flora.
Microbial Infections Of Humans Human Microbiology Contd
Normal flora - Skin.
. Other factors such as peristalsis saliva lysozyme secretion and secretion of immunoglobulins also play roles in flora control. The Normal Flora of Humans Definition. Within a few hours of birth oral and.
Normal flora are microorganisms bacteria fungi protozoa and viruses mostly bacteria that continuously inhabited the human body Resident Normal Flora. During birth the infant in exposed to vaginal flora. Under normal conditions in a healthy human they are harmless and may even be beneficial.
An association between two species in which each benefits the other Pathogen. These and other procedures resulted in the fol-lowing standard technic which was followed in the actual determination of normal skin. Sterile mouth within 4-12 hours lactobacilli streptococci Neonate Streptococcus salivarius staphylococci Neisseriae Moraxella catarrhalis Teeth appear Streptococcus mutans Streptococcus parasanguis Gingival crevice area Anaerobic species yeasts.
There are more bacteria living in our bodies. Normal flora of the Gastrointestinal tract Esophagus Stomach Proximal small intestine Distal part of the small intestine Large intestine colon 18 Normal flora of the Oral cavity Nutrients Epithelial cells Secretions 19 20 Throat or pharynx 21 Esophagus 22 Stomach 23 Intestinal 24. Internal organs such as blood kidney heart lungs brain etc.
1 Body surfaces 2 Mucus membranes skin and mucous membranes are always contact with environmental organisms and become colonized by. The normal flora of the skin is characterized into three main regions. A human body contains around 1013 cells.
Published 2014 Biology INTRODUCTION The normal flora can be divided into two groups Resident flora and Transient. An agent a microorganism that cause disease Indigenous flora. Occurrence in nasal passages varies with age being greatest in newborns less in adults.
The main factor determining the composition of the normal flora in a body region is the nature of the local environment which is determined by pH temperature redox potential and oxygen water and nutrient levels. An association between two species in which one benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited. Under normal conditions in a healthy human they are harmless and may even be beneficial.
Some organisms are almost always present in a normal oral cavity and constitute constantnormal microbial flora. A healthy foetus in utero is free from microorganisms. Axilla perineum and toe webs.
Microorganisms native or belonging naturally to a region Many bacteria commonly. This bacterial population constitutes the. Some pathogenic organisms may establish themselves in a host without manifesting symptoms the host is then referred to as a carrier.
The normal flora of humans consists of a few eucaryotic fungi and protists but bacteria are the most numerous and obvious microbial components of the normal flora. One fourth of fecal weight is made of bacteria. Upper arms and legs.
Organisms frequently found on or within body of healthy individuals In healthy human there are many of bacteria are consistently associated with the body. Normal flora - Oral cavity Ecology and developmental stages Birth. The human body which contains about 1013 cells routinely harbors about 1014 bacteria Fig.
The transient flora consisting of non-pathogenic or potentially pathogenic microorganisms that. NORMAL SKIN FLORA 307 tested to find the most satisfactory diluent. Characteristics of Normal Flora Different body sites may have same or different flora depending on local conditions.
The human body is home to around 1014bacteria. 3 Stuff about Normal Flora. Normal Flora A diverse microbial flora is associated with the skin and mucous membranes of every human being from shortly after birth until death.
It is further divided into two types. What are Normal Flora. The normal flora are bacteria which are found in on our bodies without causing disease.
Normal flora are microorganisms bacteria fungi protozoa and viruses mostly bacteria that continuously inhabited the human body Resident Normal Flora. On the other hand members of the normal flora may themselves produce disease under certain circumstances if introduced into foreign locations in large numbers and if predisposing factors are present - 2. Hand face and trunk.
Such tissue in Human includes skin GI tract urinary tract respiratory tract eyes etc. Major inhabitant making up more than 90 of the flora. Local conditions select for those organisms that are suited for growth in a particular area.
During the infants first few days of life the flora can colonize particular sites in the body and exposed to a broader range of organisms Normal flora at different parts Mouth and teeth - Staphylococci other viridans StreptococciStreptococcus mutans Spirochaetes Actinomycetes Fusobacteria and yeast Paranasal tissues Streptococcus pneumoniae Fusobacteria. Also called Commensals organisms that dine together or Microflora. Normal Microbial Flora Normal Microbial Flora.
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